Question

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research suggests that memories are ____, meaning that we actively organize and shape information as it is processed, stored,
and retrieved.
o manipulated
o managed
o constructed
o unreliable
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emma missed class today, so she asked a friend what was discussed. her friend confidently described what happened at the
beginning and end of class but was vague on the details of what happened in between. this common phenomenon is called the
_
o motivated forgetting
o limits of long - term memory
o serial - position effect
o inattention paradigm

Explanation:

• For the first question: In psychology, the concept of memory being actively organized and shaped (processed, stored, retrieved) aligns with the idea of memory being constructed. Memories are not just passive recordings but are built up through cognitive processes. "Manipulated" has a more negative connotation (like being tampered with in a bad way), "managed" is too general (not specific to the active cognitive shaping), and "unreliable" is a characteristic but not the term that directly refers to the active - organizing - shaping process.
• For the second question: The serial - position effect explains that people tend to remember information presented at the beginning (primacy effect) and end (recency effect) of a sequence better than the middle. In this case, the friend remembered the beginning and end of the class (like a sequence of events in class) but was vague about the middle, which is a classic example of the serial - position effect. Motivated forgetting is when people forget due to psychological motives (e.g., to avoid anxiety - provoking memories). Limits of long - term memory is a very broad concept and not specific to this positional memory difference. Inattention paradigm is more about not paying attention in the first place, not about memory recall patterns.

Answer:

• First question: C. constructed
• Second question: C. serial - position effect