Question

there are five questions for this scenario.
a person is pushing a 75 kg bookshelf across a floor in a room on earth. the room is filled with air.
the bookshelf is moving at a constant velocity of 4 m/s to the left.
10 indicate the direction of each force that is acting on the bookshelf in this scenario
(a) gravitational
friction
normal
air resistance
tension
applied

Explanation:

To determine the direction of each force acting on the bookshelf, we analyze each force:

Gravitational Force:

Gravitational force (weight) acts downward (toward the center of the Earth) because gravity pulls objects toward the Earth’s surface.

Friction:

Friction opposes the direction of motion. The bookshelf moves left, so friction acts right (opposing the motion).

Normal Force:

The normal force from the floor acts upward (perpendicular to the surface, balancing gravity).

Air Resistance:

Air resistance opposes the direction of motion (or relative motion through air). Since the bookshelf moves left, air resistance acts right.

Tension:

There is no tension force here (the bookshelf is pushed, not pulled by a rope/cable), so tension is not applicable (or zero magnitude, no direction).

Applied Force:

The person pushes the bookshelf left, so the applied force acts left.

Final Directions:

• Gravitational: Downward
• Friction: Right
• Normal: Upward
• Air Resistance: Right
• Tension: No applicable direction (or “None” if required)
• Applied: Left

(Note: If the interface requires arrow directions, map “downward” to ↓, “upward” to ↑, “left” to ←, and “right” to →.)

Answer:

To determine the direction of each force acting on the bookshelf, we analyze each force:

Gravitational Force:

Gravitational force (weight) acts downward (toward the center of the Earth) because gravity pulls objects toward the Earth’s surface.

Friction:

Friction opposes the direction of motion. The bookshelf moves left, so friction acts right (opposing the motion).

Normal Force:

The normal force from the floor acts upward (perpendicular to the surface, balancing gravity).

Air Resistance:

Air resistance opposes the direction of motion (or relative motion through air). Since the bookshelf moves left, air resistance acts right.

Tension:

There is no tension force here (the bookshelf is pushed, not pulled by a rope/cable), so tension is not applicable (or zero magnitude, no direction).

Applied Force:

The person pushes the bookshelf left, so the applied force acts left.

Final Directions:

• Gravitational: Downward
• Friction: Right
• Normal: Upward
• Air Resistance: Right
• Tension: No applicable direction (or “None” if required)
• Applied: Left

(Note: If the interface requires arrow directions, map “downward” to ↓, “upward” to ↑, “left” to ←, and “right” to →.)