Question

staab (2020) emphasizes that social protection for women informal workers is limited because:

a. informal work is temporary and therefore does not require protection

b. most women in informal work are already fully covered by universal programs

c. gendered care responsibilities and exclusion from contributory schemes undermine access to protections

d. informal workers prefer independence from state systems

Explanation:

Gender - related care responsibilities often limit women's participation in formal social - protection mechanisms. Also, exclusion from contributory schemes due to the nature of informal work undermines their access to social protection. Option a is incorrect as all work, including informal work, requires protection. Option b is not true as social protection for women informal workers is limited, not fully covered. Option d is not a valid reason for the limited social protection as it is not the main factor; rather, structural and gender - based barriers are key.

Answer:

C. Gendered care responsibilities and exclusion from contributory schemes undermine access to protections