Question

staab (2020) emphasizes that social protection for women informal workers is limited because: a. informal work is temporary and therefore does not require protection b. most women in informal work are already fully covered by universal programs c. gendered care responsibilities and exclusion from contributory schemes undermine access to protections d. informal workers prefer independence from state systems

Explanation:

Gender - related care responsibilities often limit women's ability to engage with contributory social - protection schemes. Also, exclusion from such schemes due to the nature of informal work undermines their access to protections. Option a is incorrect as all work, including informal work, requires protection. Option b is wrong because women in informal work are not fully covered by universal programs. Option d is not a valid reason for the limited social protection as the lack of protection is not due to workers' preference but systemic issues.

Answer:

C. Gendered care responsibilities and exclusion from contributory schemes undermine access to protections