Question

1. soil contains biotic and abiotic factors. what are biotic factors?

Explanation:

Biotic factors are the living components of an ecosystem. In the context of soil, biotic factors include organisms such as bacteria, fungi, earthworms, insects, plant roots, and other soil - dwelling living things. These organisms play crucial roles in soil processes like decomposition (breaking down organic matter), nutrient cycling (e.g., nitrogen - fixing bacteria converting atmospheric nitrogen into a form plants can use), and soil structure formation (e.g., earthworms creating channels in the soil which improve aeration and water infiltration).

Answer:

Biotic factors in soil are the living organisms present in it, such as bacteria, fungi, earthworms, insects, and plant roots.