Question

select all that apply
which statements about the particles formed by ionic bonding and covalent bonding are true?
when atoms bond covalently, they form molecules.
ions have a neutral charge.
molecules have a neutral charge.
molecules have either a positive or negative charge.
ionic compounds have a neutral charge.
ionic compounds are made up of particles called ions.

Explanation:

• When atoms bond covalently, they form molecules: Covalent bonding involves the sharing of electrons between atoms, and the resulting entity is a molecule.
• Ions have a neutral charge: Ions are charged particles. Cations are positively - charged (e.g., \(Na^{+}\)) and anions are negatively - charged (e.g., \(Cl^{-}\)), so this statement is false.
• Molecules have a neutral charge: In a molecule, the number of protons (positive charge) in the nuclei is equal to the number of electrons (negative charge) around the nuclei. For example, in \(H_2O\), the total positive charge from the two \(H\) atoms (\(+ 2\)) and one \(O\) atom (\(+8\)) is balanced by the total number of electrons (\(10\)).
• Molecules have either a positive or negative charge: As explained above, molecules are neutral, so this statement is false.
• Ionic compounds have a neutral charge: In an ionic compound, the sum of the charges of the cations and anions is zero. For example, in \(NaCl\), \(Na^{+}\) and \(Cl^{-}\) ions combine in a 1:1 ratio, so the overall charge is \(+1+( - 1)=0\).
• Ionic compounds are made up of particles called ions: Ionic compounds are composed of cations and anions. For example, \(MgCl_2\) is made up of \(Mg^{2 + }\) cations and \(Cl^{-}\) anions.

Answer:

• When atoms bond covalently, they form molecules.
• Molecules have a neutral charge.
• Ionic compounds have a neutral charge.
• Ionic compounds are made up of particles called ions.