Question

a scientist is conducting an experiment similar to rutherfords, aiming to determine the characteristics of a subatomic particle. which of the following observations would most likely indicate the presence of a positively charged nucleus?
the particles being deflected away from a central point.
the particles gaining a negative charge after passing through the material.
the particles being absorbed by the material.
the particles passing through a material without any change in direction.
the discovery of the electron by j.j. thomson was significant because it was the first evidence that:
atoms are not the fundamental, indivisible particles that dalton had proposed.
matter could be created and destroyed.
elements are composed of multiple types of atoms.
atoms are neutral.
which of the following best describes the evolution of atomic models from dalton to rutherford?
the model shifted from a nuclear atom to one with electrons in specific energy levels.
the model shifted from a complex structure to a simple, neutral particle.
the model shifted from a plum pudding model to a solid, indivisible sphere.
the model shifted from a solid sphere to a dense, nuclear atom with orbiting electrons.

Explanation:

• First Question: In Rutherford's experiment, positively charged alpha particles were deflected by a positively charged nucleus (like charges repel). So, particles being deflected away from a central point (the nucleus) indicates a positively - charged nucleus.
• Second Question: Dalton proposed atoms as indivisible. Thomson's discovery of electrons (sub - atomic particles) showed atoms are not indivisible.
• Third Question: Dalton's model was a solid sphere. Rutherford's model had a dense, positively - charged nucleus with electrons orbiting around it.

Answer:

• First Question: The particles being deflected away from a central point.
• Second Question: Atoms are not the fundamental, indivisible particles that Dalton had proposed.
• Third Question: The model shifted from a solid sphere to a dense, nuclear atom with orbiting electrons.