Question

__________ refers to avoiding tempting situations and managing feelings.

○ a response substitution
○ b psa
● c stimulus control
○ d secondhand aerosol

question 38 (1 point)
which of the following answers indicates changes in the body after 10 years of quitting smokin
● a very little lung improvement is recognized
○ b risk of cancer has decreased significantly
○ c nerve endings are exposed more frequently
○ d circulation continues to deteriorate

question 39 (1 point)
binge drinking during __________ permanently changes how the brain functions.

○ a childhood
● b adolescence
○ c middle adulthood
○ d older adulthood

Explanation:

Question (First Fill - in - the - blank)

To solve this, we analyze each option:

• Option a: Response substitution is about replacing a response, not avoiding situations.
• Option b: PSA (Prostate - Specific Antigen) is related to prostate health, not the described concept.
• Option c: Stimulus control in behavioral terms is about managing or avoiding situations that trigger certain behaviors and managing feelings related to them.
• Option d: Secondhand aerosol is about smoke exposure, not the described behavioral concept.

We analyze the effects of quitting smoking for 10 years:

• Option a: Lungs do show improvement over 10 years of quitting, so this is incorrect.
• Option b: After 10 years of quitting smoking, the risk of cancer (especially lung cancer) decreases significantly as the body has had time to repair from the damage caused by smoking.
• Option c: Nerve endings start to recover soon after quitting, and by 10 years, this is not a typical change.
• Option d: Circulation improves over time after quitting smoking, it does not deteriorate.

We consider the brain development stage:

• Option a: Childhood brain is still developing, but binge drinking in childhood is less common and the brain's vulnerability to permanent change from binge drinking is more pronounced in adolescence.
• Option b: Adolescence is a period of significant brain development. Binge drinking during adolescence can permanently alter brain function as the brain is still maturing during this time.
• Option c: Middle adulthood brain is more mature, and binge drinking here is less likely to cause permanent brain function changes compared to adolescence.
• Option d: Older adulthood brain has already completed most of its development, and binge drinking here is less likely to cause permanent brain function changes as in adolescence.

Answer:

c. Stimulus control

Question 38