Question

reading sitting 2
passage 1
informational: this passage is adapted from the spirit of laws by montesquieu, first published in 1748.
1 the political liberty of the subject is a tranquillity of mind arising from the opinion each person has of his safety. in order to have this liberty, the government must be so framed that one citizen shall not be afraid of another.
2 when legislative power is united with executive power in a single person or body, liberty cannot exist. a ruler who both makes the laws and enforces them may easily enact tyrannical laws. again, there is no liberty if the judicial power is not separated from the legislative and executive. if it were joined with the legislative, the life and liberty of the subject would be exposed to arbitrary control, for the judge would then be the legislator. if it
the main point of the third paragraph is that:
○ the judicial power is a safeguard against arbitrary rule when separate from other powers.
○ judges should be free to make new laws when necessary.
○ the legislative branch should always dominate the executive.
○ judicial authority is unnecessary in most kingdoms of europe.

Explanation:

The third paragraph (labeled "2") discusses the importance of separating judicial power from legislative and executive powers to prevent arbitrary control. The first option states that judicial power safeguards against arbitrary rule when separated from other powers, which aligns with the paragraph's content. Other options are incorrect: judges making laws (second option) contradicts the passage, legislative dominance (third) isn't supported, and judicial authority being unnecessary (fourth) is wrong.

Answer:

A. the judicial power is a safeguard against arbitrary rule when separate from other powers.