Question

questions 10 through 13 refer to the following.
(the passage below is a draft)
(1) if you have ever felt overwhelmed by the barrage of e-mails, text messages, and social media notifications you receive every day, you are not alone. (2) unsurprisingly,
neuroscientists warn that the constant use of smartphones alters the brain.
(3) most people cant resist immediately checking their phones each time they buzz, chirp, or chime, and scientists believe that compulsion is caused by a brain chemical called
(4) the release of dopamine in the brain is pleasurable, so people tend to repeat behaviors that trigger it. (5) researchers studying the effects of smartphone use found that
each time people received a phone notification, their brains had a surge of dopamine. (6)
crucially, the anticipation of a reward (signaled by each ding of the phone) caused more
pleasure than the reward itself (the e-mail or social media alert) (7) our brains are aroused
each time our phones buzz because of the unpredictability of what pops up on the screen.
since any alert might signal something extraordinary, dopamine is released each time even
though most alerts dont amount to much.
(8) while dopamine rewards may cause the brain to crave these constant phone alerts, their
effects on the body are harmful. (9) the incessant notifications cause the heart to beat
faster, muscles to tighten, and breathing to get shorter-a fight-or-flight response. (10) and
when we live in a perpetual state of stress, our prefrontal cortex, the part of the brain that
controls reasoning, stops functioning properly. (11) a vicious cycle ensues: people become
addicted to constant phone interruptions even as those interruptions put stress on the body.
12 mark for review
the writer is considering deleting the underlined portion of sentence 3 (reproduced below),
adjusting the capitalization as needed.
most people cant resist immediately checking their phones each time they buzz, chirp, or
chime, and scientists believe that compulsion is caused by a brain chemical called
dopamine.
should the writer keep or delete the underlined text?
a keep it, because it provides examples that help explain the
scientific terminology used in the following sentence.
b keep it, because it provides sensory details that help the writer
illustrate the concept being discussed in the paragraph.
c delete it, because it interrupts the logical flow of the sentence
with details that are only tangentially relevant

Explanation:

The underlined text in sentence 3 provides scientific terms (dopamine) and explanations related to the brain's chemical response (the release of dopamine causes compulsion). This helps in understanding the scientific concept being discussed in the passage. Options B (sensory details) and C (interrupting logical flow) are incorrect as it's about scientific explanation not sensory details and it doesn't disrupt the flow.

Answer:

A. Keep it, because it provides examples that help explain the scientific terminology used in the following sentence.