Question

question 9 (2.5 points)
the misinformation effect occurs when a persons memory for an event is modified by misleading information presented

1. all of the above
2. during the event.
3. after the event.
4. before the event.

Explanation:

🆕 New Concept Discovered: Misinformation Effect
How post-event information alters memory recall.

Step 1: Define the Misinformation Effect

The misinformation effect is a memory phenomenon where a person's recall of an episodic event becomes less accurate because of post-event information. For this effect to occur, a person must first experience or witness an event, and then be exposed to misleading information about that event afterward.

Step 2: Determine the Timing of the Misleading Information

Because the misinformation effect involves the alteration of an already formed memory, the misleading information must be introduced after the event has taken place.

• Before the event: Information presented before cannot "misinform" a memory that does not yet exist (this would relate to proactive interference or schema-driven expectations instead).
• During the event: Information presented during the event is part of the original perception and encoding process, not a post-hoc modification of a stored memory.
• After the event: This is the correct window where misleading questions, suggestions, or false details can overwrite or interfere with the original memory trace.

Answer:

1. after the event.