Question

question 44 (1 point)
which statement is true about electronegativity?
o a electronegativity generally increases as you move from top to bottom within a group.
o b electronegativity generally increases from left to right across a period.
o c electronegativity is the ability of an anion to attract another anion.
o d electronegativity generally is higher for metals than for nonmetals.

question 45 (1 point)
compared with the electronegativities of the elements on the left side of a period, the electronegativities of the elements on the right side of the same period tend to be _
o a higher
o b unpredictable
o c the same
o d lower

question 46 (1 point)
which of the following decreases with increasing atomic number in group 2a?
o a ionization energy
o b shielding effect
o c number of electrons
o d ionic size

Explanation:

• Question 44:
• Electron - negativity generally increases from left to right across a period. As we move from left to right in a period, the nuclear charge increases while the shielding effect remains relatively constant. This leads to a greater attraction for electrons, increasing electronegativity.
• Option a is wrong because electronegativity generally decreases as you move from top to bottom within a group (due to increased shielding and larger atomic size).
• Option c is wrong because electronegativity is the ability of an atom in a chemical bond to attract electrons to itself, not an anion - to - anion attraction.
• Option d is wrong because non - metals generally have higher electronegativities than metals (metals tend to lose electrons, while non - metals tend to gain or share electrons more readily).
• Question 45:
• As we move from left to right across a period, the nuclear charge increases (while the shielding effect from inner electrons does not increase as much). This stronger nuclear charge results in a greater ability to attract electrons (higher electronegativity). So, compared with the electronegativities of the elements on the left side of a period, the electronegativities of the elements on the right side of the same period tend to be higher.
• Question 46:
• Ionization energy: In Group 2A (alkaline earth metals), as the atomic number increases (moving down the group), the atomic size increases. The outermost electrons are further from the nucleus and more shielded. So, less energy is required to remove an electron (ionization energy decreases).
• Shielding effect: Increases with increasing atomic number in a group (more inner electron shells).
• Number of electrons: Increases with increasing atomic number (as atomic number = number of protons = number of electrons in a neutral atom).
• Ionic size: In Group 2A, as we move down the group, the ionic size increases (more electron shells).

Answer:

• Question 44: B. Electronegativity generally increases from left to right across a period.
• Question 45: A. higher
• Question 46: A. ionization energy