Question

question 18
four-year-old leticia pretends to be a doctor and has begun to realize that she needs to be responsible and cooperate with her parents. according to erikson, this indicates that she is beginning to achieve a sense of
a. intimacy
b. purpose
c. trust
d. will

question 19
which individual has likely resolved intimacy issues before identity issues?

Explanation:

Analyze Question 18

The question describes four-year-old Leticia pretending to be a doctor and beginning to realize she needs to be responsible and cooperate with her parents. According to Erikson's theory of Lifespan Development, a four-year-old child is in the third stage of psychosocial development: Initiative vs. Guilt. During this stage, children assert power and control over their world through directing play and other social interactions. The virtue or ego strength associated with successful resolution of this stage is purpose. Leticia's behavior of pretending to be a doctor and learning responsibility reflects this emerging sense of purpose.

Analyze Question 19

The question asks which individual has likely resolved intimacy issues before identity issues. In Erik Erikson's traditional psychosocial theory, identity achievement (Identity vs. Role Confusion) is a prerequisite for establishing true intimacy (Intimacy vs. Isolation). However, developmental research (such as Carol Gilligan's work on gender differences in moral and identity development) suggests that females often merge or resolve intimacy and identity issues concurrently, or may resolve intimacy issues before fully establishing an independent identity, whereas males typically follow the traditional path of establishing identity before intimacy. Therefore, a female individual is the most likely answer.

Select correct options

For Question 18, the correct option is (B) purpose.
For Question 19, based on developmental psychology literature regarding gender differences in Erikson's stages, females are more likely to resolve intimacy issues before or alongside identity issues.

Answer:

Question 18

• (A) intimacy
• (B) purpose (Correct answer)
• (C) trust
• (D) will

Question 19

• (A) A female (Correct answer)
• (B) A male