Question

question 10
0.17 points
to change a childs undesirable behaviors, psychologists would advise parents to make greater use of
a shaping than of modeling.
b reinforcement than of punishment.
c classical conditioning than of operant conditioning.
d primary reinforcers than of secondary reinforcers.

Explanation:

• Option A: Shaping (reinforcing successive approximations) and modeling (learning by observing) both have roles, but not the key advice here.
• Option B: Reinforcement (positive or negative) increases desired behavior. Punishment (e.g., time - out) may suppress behavior but can have negative side - effects (e.g., aggression, fear). Psychologists often advocate reinforcement over punishment for behavior change.
• Option C: Classical conditioning (e.g., Pavlov's dogs) is more about involuntary responses. Operant conditioning (reinforcement/punishment) is directly related to voluntary behavior change in this context.
• Option D: Both primary (e.g., food) and secondary (e.g., money) reinforcers can be useful. The key is reinforcement vs punishment, not primary vs secondary.

Answer:

B. reinforcement than of punishment.