Question

the d.a.r.e. program (\drug abuse resistance education\) began in 1983. in this program, police officers taught special 45 - minute lessons in classrooms about the dangers of drugs. however, the program was shown to have very little effect; there was only a small, short - term reduction in tobacco use, but no reduction in alcohol or marijuana use. long - term rates of teen substance abuse did not change significantly.
in 1998, behavioral scientists began looking for different ways to teach this program. the new d.a.r.e. curriculum is called \keepin it real,\ and students spend most of their time practicing refusal strategies with friends rather than being lectured on the possible effects of drugs. the
eal\ acronym stands for the four main strategies the students practice: refuse, explain, avoid, and leave. there is also much more emphasis on teaching students how to make safe and responsible decisions in all areas of life.
based on the excerpt, which statement is true?

• antidrug campaigns have little effect on how much students use drugs.
• lots of students use tobacco, but very few use alcohol or marijuana.
• antidrug campaigns can help prevent substance abuse, but cannot reduce it.
• practicing refusal strategies can help students stay sober.

Explanation:

• Analyze each option:
• First option: The excerpt says the old D.A.R.E. had little effect, but the new "keepin’ it REAL" focuses on refusal strategies. The first option generalizes all antidrug campaigns, which is not supported.
• Second option: The excerpt only mentions the effect on tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use in the old D.A.R.E. context, not the prevalence of use. So this is incorrect.
• Third option: The old D.A.R.E. had little effect, and the new one focuses on refusal strategies, so this statement about antidrug campaigns' ability is not supported.
• Fourth option: The new D.A.R.E. curriculum (keepin’ it REAL) has students practice refusal strategies to stay sober, which matches this option.

Answer:

D. Practicing refusal strategies can help students stay sober. (Note: Assuming the options are labeled A - D in order, with the last option being D. If the original options had different labels, adjust accordingly. Based on the given options, the correct one is the last option: "Practicing refusal strategies can help students stay sober.")