Question

pregunta 4 (2 puntos)
... nor is there liberty if the power of judging is not separate from legislative
power and from executive power. if it were joined to legislative power, the
power over the life and liberty of the citizens would be arbitrary, for the judge
would be the legislator. if it were joined to executive power, the judge could
have the force of an oppressor....
—montesquieu, the spirit of the laws
q = in this passage, montesquieu references

a a separation of powers
b enlightened despotism
c a social contract
d a policy of mercantilism

Explanation:

La frase de Montesquieu habla sobre la separación del poder de juzgar (judicial) del legislativo y ejecutivo. La opción "a separation of powers" (separación de poderes) coincide con esta idea. Las otras opciones: "enlightened despotism" (despotismo iluminado) no es lo que se refiere, "a social contract" (contrato social) es de Rousseau y otros, y "a policy of mercantilism" (política mercantilista) no tiene relación con la separación de poderes.

Answer:

a. a separation of powers