Question

pregnant women are cautioned not to eat soft, unpasteurized cheeses or meats from delicatessens due to this organism, which can cause meningitis, encephalitis, and septicemia in fetuses and neonates, though it causes little problem in immunocompetent adults.
a) listeria monocytogenes
b) cryptococcus neoformans
c) streptococcus pneumoniae
d) haemophilus influenza
question 4 (1 point)
this disease is generally fatal once symptoms have begun. treatment must begin immediately after exposure to prevent the course of infection.
a) cjd
b) west nile virus
c) toxoplasmosis
d) rabies

Explanation:

• For the first question:
• Listeria monocytogenes is known to contaminate soft, unpasteurized cheeses and deli - meats. It can cause serious infections (meningitis, encephalitis, septicemia) in fetuses and neonates, while having less impact on immunocompetent adults.
• Cryptococcus neoformans is more associated with respiratory and central nervous system infections in immunocompromised individuals (not specifically with the food sources mentioned).
• Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common cause of pneumonia, meningitis (but not specifically linked to the food - related caution for pregnant women as described).
• Haemophilus influenzae is associated with respiratory and other infections (not the specific food - borne pathogen in this context).
• For the second question:
• Rabies is generally fatal once symptoms appear. Post - exposure prophylaxis (immediate treatment after exposure) is crucial to prevent the progression of the disease.
• CJD (Creutzfeldt - Jakob Disease) has a more insidious onset and is not typically prevented by immediate post - exposure treatment in the same sense.
• West Nile Virus can cause serious illness, but it is not as uniformly fatal as rabies once symptoms start, and the treatment paradigm is different.
• Toxoplasmosis can be treated even after some time of exposure in many cases, and it is not as acutely fatal with symptom onset as rabies.

Answer:

• First question: A) Listeria monocytogenes
• Second question: D) rabies