Question

part i - covalent only
chemical nomenclature
write the formulas:

1. dihydrogen monoxide
2. tetrasulfur trichloride
3. triphosphorus octoxide
4. pentaphosphorus hexoxide
5. heptacarbon dichloride
6. decanitrogen octoxide
7. diphosphorus nonanitride
8. diarsenic pentoxide
9. sulfur dioxide
10. nitrogen trioxide

Explanation:

Step1: Determine prefix - element relationship

In covalent compound nomenclature, prefixes (di - 2, mono - 1, tetra - 4, tri - 3, octa - 8, penta - 5, hepta - 7, deca - 10, nona - 9) are used to denote the number of atoms of each element.
For example, for "dihydrogen monoxide":

• "di -" (prefix for hydrogen) means 2 hydrogen atoms ($H$).
• "mono -" (prefix for oxygen) means 1 oxygen atom ($O$). So the formula is $H_{2}O$.

Step2: Apply the rule to each compound

1. For "tetrasulfur trichloride":

• "tetra -" (sulfur) $\to4$ $S$ atoms.
• "tri -" (chloride) $\to3$ $Cl$ atoms. Formula: $S_{4}Cl_{3}$.

1. For "triphosphorus octoxide":

• "tri -" (phosphorus) $\to3$ $P$ atoms.
• "octa -" (oxide) $\to8$ $O$ atoms. Formula: $P_{3}O_{8}$.

1. For "pentaphosphorus hexoxide":

• "penta -" (phosphorus) $\to5$ $P$ atoms.
• "hexa -" (oxide) $\to6$ $O$ atoms. Formula: $P_{5}O_{6}$.

1. For "heptacarbon dichloride":

• "hepta -" (carbon) $\to7$ $C$ atoms.
• "di -" (chloride) $\to2$ $Cl$ atoms. Formula: $C_{7}Cl_{2}$.

1. For "decanitrogen octoxide":

• "deca -" (nitrogen) $\to10$ $N$ atoms.
• "octa -" (oxide) $\to8$ $O$ atoms. Formula: $N_{10}O_{8}$.

1. For "diphosphorus nonanitride":

• "di -" (phosphorus) $\to2$ $P$ atoms.
• "nona -" (nitride) $\to9$ $N$ atoms. Formula: $P_{2}N_{9}$.

1. For "diarsenic pentoxide":

• "di -" (arsenic) $\to2$ $As$ atoms.
• "penta -" (oxide) $\to5$ $O$ atoms. Formula: $As_{2}O_{5}$.

1. For "sulfur dioxide":

• No prefix for sulfur (implies 1 $S$ atom).
• "di -" (oxide) $\to2$ $O$ atoms. Formula: $SO_{2}$.

1. For "nitrogen trioxide":

• No prefix for nitrogen (implies 1 $N$ atom).
• "tri -" (oxide) $\to3$ $O$ atoms. Formula: $NO_{3}$.

Answer:

1. $H_{2}O$
2. $S_{4}Cl_{3}$
3. $P_{3}O_{8}$
4. $P_{5}O_{6}$
5. $C_{7}Cl_{2}$
6. $N_{10}O_{8}$
7. $P_{2}N_{9}$
8. $As_{2}O_{5}$
9. $SO_{2}$
10. $NO_{3}$