Question

pam is 3 weeks pregnant, but doesnt know it yet. she drinks a few glasses of wine two or three days each week. in this case, alcohol is a __ that may put her baby at risk for __.
a teratogen; irritability and high - pitched crying
b germinal; irritability and high - pitched crying
c germinal; malformation of the face and limbs and mental retardation
d teratogen; malformation of the face and limbs and mental retardation

Explanation:

A teratogen is an agent that can cause malformations in an embryo or fetus. Alcohol is a well - known teratogen. During pregnancy, especially in the early stages (even though Pam doesn't know she's pregnant), alcohol exposure can lead to fetal alcohol spectrum disorders which are characterized by malformation of the face and limbs and mental retardation. The germinal stage is a stage of prenatal development (the first 2 weeks after conception), and alcohol is not classified as a germinal in this context. Irritability and high - pitched crying are more associated with other neonatal issues rather than the main risks of alcohol exposure during pregnancy.

Answer:

D. teratogen; malformation of the face and limbs and mental retardation