Question

original: the fundamental difference between art and entertainment is that artists create primarily to express themselves, making little compromise to appeal to public taste, whereas entertainers create primarily to please an audience. entertainment is designed to amuse us and make us feel good about who we believe we are and the values we hold. entertainment, according to dana gioia, former head of the national endowment for the arts, \exploits and manipulates who we are rather than challenging us with a vision of who we might become.\ entertainment is designed from the beginning to reinforce the consumer’s values and beliefs.
source: downs, william m., et al. the art of theater: then and now. 4th ed., e - book, cengage, 2018.
paraphrase: downs, wright, and ramsey argue that artists please only themselves while entertainers please others. entertainers amuse us and confirm for us that we are upstanding citizens. on the other hand, entertainment \exploits and manipulates\ us, according to dana gioia, failing to challenge us to change and improve ourselves.
which errors in the practice of paraphrasing are evident in the example above?
check all that apply.

• misunderstanding of original’s meaning
• excessive use of quotes
• excessive use of source words, phrases, and sentence structure
• missing source information

Explanation:

1. Misunderstanding of original’s meaning: The original says artists create to express themselves (not "please only themselves") and entertainment reinforces values/beliefs (paraphrase misrepresents as "confirm we are upstanding citizens"). So this error applies.
2. Excessive use of quotes: Only one short quote is used, not excessive. So this does not apply.
3. Excessive use of source words, phrases, and sentence structure: The paraphrase uses similar phrasing like "exploits and manipulates" and follows a similar structure, showing over-reliance on source language. This error applies.
4. Missing source information: The original source is cited, and the paraphrase includes the author (Dana Gioia) reference. So this does not apply.

Answer:

• Misunderstanding of original’s meaning
• Excessive use of source words, phrases, and sentence structure