Question

original: the fundamental difference between art and entertainment is that artists create primarily to express themselves, making little compromise to appeal to public taste, whereas entertainers create primarily to please an audience. entertainment is designed to amuse us and make us feel good about who we believe we are and the values we hold. entertainment, according to dana gioia, former head of the national endowment for the arts, \exploits and manipulates who we are rather than challenging us with a vision of who we might become.\ entertainment is designed from the beginning to reinforce the consumer’s values and beliefs.
source: downs, william m., et al. the art of theater: then and now. 4th ed., e - book, cengage, 2018.
paraphrase: according to downs, wright, and ramsey, basic difference between artists and entertainers is that the former don’t \compromise to appeal to public taste\ while the latter make that appeal all the time, in order to \make us feel good about who we believe we are and the values we hold.\ entertainment \exploits and manipulates\ us instead of challenging us (12).
which errors in the practice of paraphrasing are evident in the example above?
check all that apply.

• synonyms that distort the original’s meaning
• excessive use of quotes
• missing source information
• misunderstanding of original’s meaning

Explanation:

1. Synonyms that distort the original’s meaning: The original says artists “make little compromise to appeal to public taste” and entertainers “create primarily to please an audience.” The paraphrase changes this to artists “don’t ‘compromise to appeal to public taste’” (absolute vs. little) and entertainers “make that appeal all the time” (adding “all the time” distorts the original’s “primarily to please”). So synonyms here distort meaning.
2. Excessive use of quotes: The paraphrase uses quotes for “compromise to appeal to public taste,” “make us feel good about who we believe we are and the values we hold,” and “exploits and manipulates.” This is excessive as these phrases don’t need to be quoted; paraphrasing should rephrase, not over - quote.
3. Missing source information: The original source is Downs, William M., et al. (2018), but the paraphrase only cites (12) without proper source details (author, year, etc.).
4. Misunderstanding of original’s meaning: The original states entertainment “exploits and manipulates who we are rather than challenging us with a vision of who we might become.” The paraphrase says it “exploits and manipulates” us “instead of challenging us” (omitting the “vision of who we might become” part, showing a misunderstanding of the full original meaning).

Answer:

• Synonyms that distort the original’s meaning
• Excessive use of quotes
• Missing source information
• Misunderstanding of original’s meaning