Question

one way in which elements differ from each other is the structure of the electron cloud in each element’s atoms. in an electron cloud, an electron that is farther away from the nucleus has
a greater charge than an electron near the nucleus.
a smaller charge than an electron near the nucleus
a higher energy than an electron near the nucleus.
a lower energy than an electron near the nucleus.

Explanation:

Electrons have a fixed charge ($-1$ elementary charge), so distance from nucleus doesn't change charge. Electrons farther from nucleus have higher energy (since energy is needed to move against nuclear attraction to a farther orbit). So the correct option is the one about higher energy.

Answer:

a higher energy than an electron near the nucleus.