Question

1. one consequence of minor parties in elections is:

○ they guarantee a majority win.
○ they are never included in debates.
○ they reduce voter turnout.
○ they can act as a spoiler in close races.

Explanation:

• Minor parties do not guarantee a majority win; in fact, they often split votes making a majority less likely.
• The claim that they are never included in debates is false, as some minor party candidates have been allowed in debates in specific cases.
• There is no consistent evidence that minor parties reduce voter turnout; they can sometimes mobilize niche voters.
• In close races, minor parties can draw votes away from major party candidates who are ideologically similar, acting as a "spoiler" by changing the outcome of the election.

Answer:

They can act as a spoiler in close races.