Question

nigel osei
157 (701169021)
p. 7 | q01. ia | mdwhstry. iahs. q01. 25 - 26. u..
quarter 1 interim assessment
base your answers to questions 12 - 14 on the image below and on your knowledge of social studies.
woodcut created in 1868 depicting machine works in a factory in chemnitz, germany

1. what invention is most responsible for the creation of workplaces such as the one shown in this woodcut?

a. the steam engine
b. the water wheel
c. the putting out system
d. the assembly line

1. all of the following were effects of industrialization except

a. a steady drop in life expectancy of the urban working class
b. falling prices for all types of manufactured goods,
c. the creation of amiddle class of people who could afford to buy industrially manufactured goods.
d. increased urbanization as people moved to cities for factory work.

1. which statement about factory work in the 1800s is most accurate?

a. it was only somewhat more efficient than pre - industrial ways of making goods.
b. it was often dangerous and required long hours.
c. women and children were excluded from factory work.
d. it relied on small numbers of highly skilled workers.

Explanation:

12.

Step1: Analyze each option

• Option A: The steam engine was crucial for the Industrial Revolution. It provided a reliable source of power that allowed factories to be located away from water sources (unlike water wheels). Factories like the one in the woodcut (which is from the Industrial Revolution era) relied on steam - powered machinery.
• Option B: The water wheel was used before the steam engine. It limited factory location to areas with flowing water.
• Option C: The “putting out” system was a pre - industrial system where work was done in homes or small workshops, not in large factories like the one depicted.
• Option D: The assembly line (a key part of the “putting out” system's evolution in some contexts) became more prominent later in the Industrial Revolution, but the steam engine was more fundamental for creating the factory - based workplace shown.

Step1: Analyze each option

• Option A: Industrialization led to poor working and living conditions in urban areas for the working class (e.g., pollution, overcrowding, long hours), which did not lead to a steady drop in life expectancy. In fact, life expectancy initially may have been negatively affected.
• Option B: Mass production due to industrialization led to falling prices for many manufactured goods as production became more efficient.
• Option C: As industries grew, there was a rise of a middle class (e.g., factory owners, managers, some skilled workers) who could afford industrial goods.
• Option D: People moved to cities (urbanization) to work in factories, which was a major effect of industrialization.

Step1: Analyze each option

• Option A: Factory work was much more efficient than pre - industrial methods (e.g., cottage industries). Factories could produce goods in larger quantities in less time.
• Option B: While factory work was dangerous (e.g., machinery accidents) and had long hours, the key point is that it was more efficient.
• Option C: Children were often employed in factory work in the 1800s (e.g., in textile mills).
• Option D: Factories also employed a large number of unskilled or semi - skilled workers, not just highly skilled ones.

Answer:

A. The steam engine

13.