Question

nature of science
video 1 video 2

1. what is the difference between an independent (manipulated) and a dependent (responding) variable?

Explanation:

The question is about the difference between independent and dependent variables, which is a key concept in experimental design, falling under the subfield of Biology (or other experimental sciences) within Natural Science. An independent variable is the one manipulated by the experimenter, while the dependent variable is the one that responds and is measured. For example, in a study testing how light intensity (independent) affects plant growth (dependent), light intensity is changed, and growth is observed.

Answer:

Independent variable: The variable that is deliberately changed (manipulated) by the experimenter in an experiment. Dependent variable: The variable that changes in response to the independent variable and is what is being measured/observed in the experiment.