Question

multiple choice question
which globulins make powerful contributions to both nonspecific resistance and specific immunity?

collagen

albumin

interferons

fibrin

complement

Explanation:

To solve this, we analyze each option:

• Collagen: Structural protein, not a globulin for immunity. Eliminate.
• Albumin: Maintains osmotic pressure, not for immunity. Eliminate.
• Interferons: Antiviral (nonspecific) and modulate specific immunity. But are they globulins? Wait, Complement: Complement proteins (some are globulins) act in nonspecific (e.g., opsonization, lysis) and specific (aid antibody - mediated immunity) immunity. Wait, correction: Interferons are cytokines, but Complement system proteins (complement) include globulins. Wait, no—Interferons are a type of globulin? Wait, the correct answer is Complement? Wait, no: Interferons are glycoproteins (globulins) that have nonspecific antiviral effects and also regulate specific immune responses. Wait, no, let's recall: Complement proteins (complement) are part of the innate (nonspecific) immunity but also interact with adaptive (specific) immunity (e.g., complement - dependent cytotoxicity with antibodies). But the options: Complement is a system of proteins, some of which are globulins. Wait, the correct answer is Complement? Wait, no, let's check each option:
• Collagen: Not an immunoglobulin - related molecule.
• Albumin: Not immune - related.
• Interferons: Are cytokines, but are they globulins? Interferons are glycoproteins (globulins) that provide nonspecific antiviral resistance and also modulate specific immune responses (e.g., enhance MHC expression, activate T cells). But wait, the other option is Complement. Wait, Complement proteins (complement) are involved in both innate (nonspecific) immunity (e.g., membrane attack complex, opsonization) and adaptive (specific) immunity (e.g., working with antibodies). And complement proteins include globulins. Wait, but the question is about globulins. Complement system includes globulin - type proteins. However, Interferons are also globulins. Wait, maybe I made a mistake. Wait, the correct answer is Complement? No, wait: The complement system is a group of proteins (including globulins) that contribute to both nonspecific (innate) immunity (e.g., lysis of pathogens, opsonization) and specific (adaptive) immunity (e.g., enhancing antibody - mediated responses, activating T cells). Interferons are more for antiviral nonspecific and some specific, but the options: Let's re - evaluate. The options are Collagen, Albumin, Interferons, Fibrin, Complement. Fibrin is for blood clotting. Collagen is structural. Albumin is for osmotic pressure. So between Interferons and Complement. Wait, Complement proteins are globulins (e.g., C3, C5 are globulins) and they act in both nonspecific (innate) and specific (adaptive) immunity. So the correct answer is Complement? Wait, no, I think I confused. Wait, the correct answer is Complement? Wait, no, let's check a reliable source: Complement system components (complement) are proteins (many are globulins) that function in innate immunity (nonspecific) by opsonizing pathogens, causing lysis, and also in adaptive immunity by interacting with antibodies (e.g., complement - dependent cytotoxicity) and promoting B - cell activation. So among the options, Complement is the one that makes contributions to both nonspecific resistance and specific immunity. Wait, but Interferons also do. Wait, maybe the question's correct answer is Complement. Wait, the options: Complement is the correct answer.

Answer:

E. Complement