Question

matter does not exist in a fixed state. through the addition or loss of energy, gas can become liquid, liquid can become solid, and vice versa. label each of the following changes, and determine whether energy is gained (heating) or lost (cooling). the first one is done for you as an example.
liquid ---> solid : freezing, energy lost
solid ---> liquid:
solid ---> gas:
gas ---> solid:
gas ---> liquid:
liquid ---> gas:

Explanation:

• Solid → Liquid: Melting occurs when a solid turns into a liquid. This process requires energy input (heating) as the bonds between the solid - state particles are broken to allow the particles to move more freely in the liquid state.
• Solid → Gas: Sublimation is the direct transition from a solid to a gas. Energy is gained (heating) because the particles need a significant amount of energy to overcome the strong intermolecular forces in the solid and escape directly into the gas phase.
• Gas → Solid: Deposition is the reverse of sublimation. Here, gas particles lose energy (cooling) and directly form a solid. The particles slow down and come together to form the ordered structure of a solid.
• Gas → Liquid: Condensation is when a gas turns into a liquid. Energy is lost (cooling) as the gas particles lose kinetic energy, and the intermolecular forces become stronger, pulling the particles closer together to form a liquid.
• Liquid → Gas: Vaporization (which includes evaporation and boiling) is the process of a liquid turning into a gas. Energy is gained (heating) as the liquid particles need energy to overcome the intermolecular forces and escape into the gas phase.

Answer:

• Solid → Liquid: Melting, energy gained
• Solid → Gas: Sublimation, energy gained
• Gas → Solid: Deposition, energy lost
• Gas → Liquid: Condensation, energy lost
• Liquid → Gas: Vaporization, energy gained