Question

matching: each choice will be used once.

1. at times the europeans prevailed, but in the end the disputed land remained under muslim _39_.
2. crusaders brought back to _40_ new knowledge of eastern mathematics, astronomy, architecture, and crafts.
3. crusaders also acquired a taste for middle eastern _41_ and flavors.
4. in 1215, _42_ suffering under king johns vicious reign forced him to sign the magna carta (\great charter\), which curbed the kings and the churchs _43_ over noblemen and later became the basis for english—and american—43. constitutional law.
5. the hundred years war (1337–1453) was the first national war waged by england against france. it was fought on the continent; was based on two english kings claims to the french throne; and marked the end of the age of _44_.
6. yeomen (small landowners) with _45_ represented the english armies in france.
7. the _46_, or bubonic plague, struck england in 1348. the plague was highly contagious and spread by
8. _47_ from infected rats; killed one third of englands people, causing a labor shortage and giving the lower classes more bargaining power; and contributed to the end of feudalism as serfs gained their freedom from lord and land.

what have you learned? what caused these?
— a labor shortage gives serfs more bargaining power and eventually wins them their freedom.
— the king and the church no longer have uncurbed powers over noblemen.
— the english gain new knowledge of eastern mathematics, astronomy, architecture, and crafts.

Explanation:

• For question 39, "under Muslim control" is a common phrase in historical contexts regarding land disputes.
• For question 40, Crusaders were from Europe, and bringing knowledge back to their homeland (implied as Europe - but in the options, England is a European country relevant here as the text later mentions England - and Crusaders had connections to European regions where knowledge was spread; also, in the context of the text's later focus on England, and considering the options, England is a fit as a place they brought knowledge to within the European context relevant to the text's flow).
• For question 41, "spices" are a well - known aspect of Middle Eastern cuisine that Crusaders could have acquired a taste for.
• For question 42, in 1215, it was the "nobles" in England under King John's reign who forced the signing of the Magna Carta.
• For question 43, the Magna Carta curbed the "power" of the king and the Church.
• For question 44, the Hundred Years' War marked the end of the age of "knights" as a dominant military force in a certain sense (with the rise of new military elements like the longbows).
• For question 45, "longbows" were a significant weapon used by English yeomen (small landowners) in the Hundred Years' War.
• For question 46, the "Black Death" is another name for the bubonic plague.
• For question 47, the bubonic plague was spread by "fleas" from infected rats.

Answer:

1. B. control
2. C. England
3. I. spices
4. G. nobles
5. H. power
6. E. knights
7. F. longbows
8. A. Black Death
9. D. fleas