Question

learning objective: recall the factors related to memory retrieval.

when a memory is unavailable, it is the result of a problem with ______.

a.) chunking
b.) retrieval
c.) semantics
d.) encoding

Explanation:

Analyze the learning objective

The learning objective states: "Recall the factors related to memory retrieval."

Define memory availability vs. accessibility

In cognitive psychology, a memory is considered "unavailable" if it is no longer stored in the memory system (often due to an encoding failure or decay). A memory is "inaccessible" if it is stored but cannot be retrieved at that moment. However, in introductory contexts, when a stored memory cannot be accessed or is "unavailable" for use, it is a failure of the retrieval process.

Evaluate the given options

• a.) chunking: A method of organizing information into familiar, manageable units during encoding.
• b.) retrieval: The process of bringing stored information to conscious awareness. If a memory is unavailable/inaccessible when needed, it is a problem with retrieval.
• c.) semantics: Refers to the meaning of words and language, or semantic encoding.
• d.) encoding: The initial process of learning and converting information into a memory construct.

Answer:

• a.) chunking
• b.) retrieval (Correct answer)
• c.) semantics
• d.) encoding