Question

individuals who believe that an unpleasant experience is unavoidable and therefore do nothing to change the course of events are exhibiting
a.
self - actualization attributes

b.
the fight - or - flight response

c.
attributional deficits

d.
cognitive dissonance

e.
learned helplessness

Explanation:

• Option A: Self - actualization attributes are about fulfilling one's potential, not related to inaction due to perceived inevitability.
• Option B: Fight - or - flight response is a physiological reaction to stress, involving action (fight or flight), not inaction.
• Option C: Attributional deficits refer to problems in how people attribute causes, not the specific inaction described here.
• Option D: Cognitive dissonance is about the discomfort from conflicting beliefs, not about inaction due to perceived unavoidable events.
• Option E: Learned helplessness occurs when individuals believe outcomes are uncontrollable and stop trying to change them, which matches the description in the question.

Answer:

E. learned helplessness