Question

the idea that nature has a right to exist for its own sake, whether it is useful to humans or not, is ______.

• environmentalism
• utilitarian conservation
• biocentric preservation

Explanation:

• Environmentalism: Focuses on environmental protection but not specifically on nature's right to exist for its own sake regardless of human use.
• Utilitarian conservation: Emphasizes using natural resources for human benefit in a sustainable way, so it is about human - centered use of nature.
• Biocentric preservation: Holds the view that nature has an inherent right to exist, independent of its usefulness to humans. This matches the description in the question.

Answer:

C. biocentric preservation