Question

Question was provided via image upload.

Explanation:

Analyze the question prompt

The question asks for the "cause" associated with the positive effects discovered by researchers at the schools.

Identify the positive effects in the text

Using the Supporting Details knowledge point, we locate the positive outcomes mentioned:

• Students earned higher grades in core subject areas.
• Students performed better on achievement tests.
• There were fewer absences and tardy arrivals.

Determine the underlying cause

Using the Reading Comprehension knowledge point, we trace these positive effects back to their source in the text:

• The study compared schools with traditional start times to schools with "later start times."
• The positive outcomes "happened at the schools with later start times."
• Therefore, implementing later start times is the direct cause of these benefits.

Evaluate the given options

• "A three-year study of later start times": This is the method of observation, not the cause of the students' improved performance.
• "Students earning higher grades in core subject areas": This is one of the positive effects (the result), not the cause.
• "Implementing later start times": This is the change that led directly to the positive outcomes.
• "Continuing using traditional start times": This is the opposite of what caused the positive effects.

Answer:

• (A) A three-year study of later start times.
• (B) Students earning higher grades in core subject areas.
• (C) Implementing later start times. (Correct answer)
• (D) Continuing using traditional start times.