Question

how do ice and water on the ground affect incoming solar radiation?
they filter 22 percent of solar radiation that reaches the surface.
they reflect 4 percent of solar radiation that reaches the surface.
they absorb 100 percent of solar radiation that reaches the surface.
they scatter 5 percent of solar radiation that reaches the surface.

Explanation:

• Ground - level ice and water have a relatively low albedo (reflectivity). The albedo of water is about 4% (when the sun is at a high angle, like around noon on a sunny day), and the albedo of ice (depending on the type, but for example, sea - ice) is also in the range where it reflects a small percentage of incoming solar radiation.
• Filtering is more related to processes like absorption by atmospheric gases (not the main role of ground - level ice and water for incoming solar radiation). Absorbing 100% is incorrect as no surface is a perfect absorber (a black body), and scattering 5% is not the typical value for the reflection of ice and water on the ground for incoming solar radiation.

Answer:

They reflect 4 percent of solar radiation that reaches the surface.