Question

how does heat transfer by conduction work?
by waves of energy without direct contact
through radiation
by the direct contact of particles with other particles

Explanation:

Heat transfer by conduction occurs when particles in a material collide with neighboring particles. This direct contact allows thermal energy to be transferred from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature. The first option describes radiation (heat transfer via electromagnetic waves without direct contact), and the second option "through radiation" is also incorrect as it's a different heat - transfer mechanism. The third option correctly describes conduction.

Answer:

by the direct contact of particles with other particles