Question

homework: naming & forming covalent / molecular compounds
covalent compounds using prefixes:
practice - write the formula or the name for the following molecular compounds.

1. nitrogen trihydride
2. sulfur hexafluoride
3. dinitrogen pentoxide
4. nitrogen monoxide
5. carbon tetrachloride
6. nitrogen monoxide
7. disphosphorus pentoxide
8. nbr3
9. c3h8
10. of2
11. p2o5
12. pf5
13. sicl4

match the type of bonding with its definition:
ionic bonding
a. a sea of electrons
covalent bonding
b. the transfer of electrons
metallic bonding
c. the sharing of electrons

Explanation:

Step1: Naming covalent compounds

For naming covalent compounds, we use prefixes to indicate the number of atoms of each element. The prefixes are: mono - 1, di - 2, tri - 3, tetra - 4, penta - 5, hexa - 6.

• For \( \text{NBr}_3 \): There is 1 nitrogen (\( \text{N} \)) atom (prefix “mono” is often omitted for the first element) and 3 bromine (\( \text{Br} \)) atoms. So it is named nitrogen tribromide.
• For \( \text{C}_3\text{H}_8 \): There are 3 carbon (\( \text{C} \)) atoms (prefix “tri - ”) and 8 hydrogen (\( \text{H} \)) atoms (prefix “octa - ”). But this is a hydrocarbon (alkane) named propane.
• For \( \text{OF}_2 \): 1 oxygen (\( \text{O} \)) atom (prefix “mono - ” omitted) and 2 fluorine (\( \text{F} \)) atoms. Named oxygen difluoride.
• For \( \text{P}_2\text{O}_5 \): 2 phosphorus (\( \text{P} \)) atoms (prefix “di - ”) and 5 oxygen (\( \text{O} \)) atoms (prefix “penta - ”). Named diphosphorus pentoxide.
• For \( \text{PF}_5 \): 1 phosphorus (\( \text{P} \)) atom (prefix “mono - ” omitted) and 5 fluorine (\( \text{F} \)) atoms. Named phosphorus pentafluoride.
• For \( \text{SiCl}_4 \): 1 silicon (\( \text{Si} \)) atom (prefix “mono - ” omitted) and 4 chlorine (\( \text{Cl} \)) atoms. Named silicon tetrachloride.

Step2: Writing formulas from names

• Nitrogen trihydride: “tri - ” means 3. So formula is \( \text{NH}_3 \).
• Sulfur hexafluoride: “hexa - ” means 6. Formula is \( \text{SF}_6 \).
• Dinitrogen pentoxide: “di - ” means 2, “penta - ” means 5. Formula is \( \text{N}_2\text{O}_5 \).
• Nitrogen monoxide: “mono - ” means 1. Formula is \( \text{NO} \).
• Carbon tetrachloride: “tetra - ” means 4. Formula is \( \text{CCl}_4 \).
• Nitrogen monoxide: “mono - ” means 1. Formula is \( \text{NO} \).
• Disphosphorus pentoxide: “di - ” means 2, “penta - ” means 5. Formula is \( \text{P}_2\text{O}_5 \).

Step3: Matching bonding types

• Ionic bonding: Involves the transfer of electrons (metals transfer electrons to non - metals). So Ionic Bonding - B.
• Covalent bonding: Involves the sharing of electrons (between non - metals). So Covalent Bonding - C.
• Metallic bonding: Has a “sea of electrons” (free - moving electrons in a metal lattice). So Metallic Bonding - A.

Answer:

1. \( \text{NH}_3 \)
2. \( \text{SF}_6 \)
3. \( \text{N}_2\text{O}_5 \)
4. \( \text{NO} \)
5. \( \text{CCl}_4 \)
6. \( \text{NO} \)
7. \( \text{P}_2\text{O}_5 \)
8. nitrogen tribromide
9. propane
10. oxygen difluoride
11. diphosphorus pentoxide
12. phosphorus pentafluoride
13. silicon tetrachloride

Ionic Bonding - B, Covalent Bonding - C, Metallic Bonding - A