Question

federalism
the concept of federalism is an important principle in the constitution. the national government has expressed powers enumerated in article i, sections 8–9. state governments are granted reserved powers in the tenth amendment and denied specific powers in article i, section 10.
read article i, sections 8–10, and the tenth amendment in your u.s. government reference guide. then, answer the questions. some of the clauses may require additional research to explain.

1. article i: congress has 18 specific powers. list these powers.

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.
p.
q.
r.

1. a. in which of the above clauses in article i is the elastic clause located?

Explanation:

To answer these questions, we refer to the U.S. Constitution's Article I, Sections 8 - 10, and the Tenth Amendment. For question 1, the 18 enumerated powers of Congress (Article I, Section 8) include:

• a. To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises (to fund the government and pay debts).
• b. To borrow Money on the credit of the United States (for government operations, infrastructure, etc.).
• c. To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes (interstate, international, and tribal trade).
• d. To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization, and uniform Laws on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the United States (citizenship and bankruptcy laws).
• e. To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign Coin, and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures (monetary and measurement standards).
• f. To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the Securities and current Coin of the United States (protecting currency integrity).
• g. To establish Post Offices and post Roads (mail system and transportation routes).
• h. To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries (copyright and patent protection).
• i. To constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme Court (federal lower courts).
• j. To define and punish Piracies and Felonies committed on the high Seas, and Offenses against the Law of Nations (international and maritime crimes).
• k. To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water (war powers and related regulations).
• l. To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money to that Use shall be for a longer Term than two Years (military funding with time limits).
• m. To provide and maintain a Navy (naval forces).
• n. To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces (military regulations).
• o. To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions (militia activation for national needs).
• p. To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the Militia, and for governing such Part of them as may be employed in the Service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers, and the Authority of training the Militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress (militia organization and state roles).
• q. To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten Miles square) as may, by Cession of particular States, and the Acceptance of Congress, become the Seat of the Government of the United States, and to exercise like Authority over all Places purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be, for the Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock - Yards, and other needful Buildings (federal control over D.C. and federal properties).
• r. To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof (the Elastic Clause, allowing Congress to pass laws to execute its powers).

For question 2a, the Elastic Clause (Necessary and Proper Clause) is in clause r (the 18th clause) of Article I, Section 8.

Answer:

1)
a. To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises
b. To borrow Money on the credit of the United States
c. To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes
d. To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization, and uniform Laws on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the United States
e. To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign Coin, and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures
f. To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the Securities and current Coin of the United States
g. To establish Post Offices and post Roads
h. To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries
i. To constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme Court
j. To define and punish Piracies and Felonies committed on the high Seas, and Offenses against the Law of Nations
k. To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water
l. To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money to that Use shall be for a longer Term than two Years
m. To provide and maintain a Navy
n. To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces
o. To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions
p. To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the Militia, and for governing such Part of them as may be employed in the Service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers, and the Authority of training the Militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress
q. To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten Miles square) as may, by Cession of particular States, and the Acceptance of Congress, become the Seat of the Government of the United States, and to exercise like Authority over all Places purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be, for the Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock - Yards, and other needful Buildings
r. To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof

2)
a. The Elastic Clause is located in clause r (the 18th clause) of Article I, Section 8.