Question

exam: understanding the skin and pressure injuries

1. what role does incontinence play in the development of pressure injuries?

it increases skin hydration
it reduces the need for repositioning
it exposes the skin to excess moisture and irritation
it strengthens the skins barrier

1. which condition increases the risk of pressure injuries due to reduced blood flow and oxygen to tissues?

diabetes
high physical activity
balanced diet
proper hydration

1. what makes older adult skin more susceptible to infections?

thicker skin layers
more active oil glands
decreased immune function and thinner skin
increased blood flow

1. what are pressure injuries caused by?

decreased circulation
increased mobility
balanced diet
adequate hydration

1. what happens to the skin as a person ages?

the fatty layer of tissue is increased.
it produces more oil and sweat.
it becomes thinner and less elastic.
it becomes more resistant to bruising.

Explanation:

• Question 6: Incontinence leads to skin being exposed to urine/feces (moisture and irritants), which is a key factor in pressure injury development. Hydration here is negative (excess moisture), repositioning need isn't reduced (in fact, care might increase), and skin barrier is weakened, not strengthened.
• Question 7: Diabetes can cause microvascular and macrovascular complications. This impairs blood flow (reducing oxygen and nutrient delivery to tissues), increasing pressure injury risk. High physical activity (if not causing immobility - but the key is blood flow), balanced diet, and proper hydration are more about general health support, not reducing blood flow.
• Question 8: As adults age, immune function declines (less ability to fight infections) and skin thins (more vulnerable to breaches that can lead to infections). Thicker skin layers would be protective (opposite), oil glands are less active, and increased blood flow (if true) would be more of a positive (but it's usually reduced or less efficient in aging).
• Question 9: Decreased circulation (from pressure, for example) means tissues don't get enough oxygen and nutrients, leading to cell death (pressure injury). Increased mobility would help prevent (by allowing repositioning), balanced diet and adequate hydration are protective factors.
• Question 10: Aging skin loses collagen and elastin, becomes thinner and less elastic. The fatty layer (subcutaneous tissue) often decreases, oil and sweat production (sebaceous and sweat glands) decline, and skin is more prone to bruising (as blood vessels are more fragile).

Answer:

1. It exposes the skin to excess moisture and irritation.
2. Diabetes
3. Decreased immune function and thinner skin
4. Decreased circulation
5. It becomes thinner and less elastic