Question

established; whereby it is easy to discern who are, and are not, in political society together. those who are united into one body, and have a common established law and judiciary to appeal to, with authority to decide controversies between them and punish offenders, are in civil society one with another; but those who have no such common appeal...are still in the state of nature, each being where there is no other, judge for himself and executioner; which is, as i have before showed it, the perfect state of nature.

-john locke, \two treatises on government\, 1689

based on the excerpt, which of the following ideas would john locke most likely agree?

a individual freedom is the most important component of a community.

b government was created through the consent of the people to be ruled by the majority.

c trial by jury is not necessary in most cases; a judge will determine the best course of action.

partially visible option and, therefore must be avoided.

Explanation:

To determine John Locke's likely agreement, analyze the excerpt and options:

• Option A: The excerpt focuses on civil society with law/judiciary, not emphasizing individual freedom as the most important community component. Eliminate A.
• Option B: Locke's social contract theory involves people consenting to government (via majority rule in civil society) to have law/judiciary. The excerpt’s mention of "united into one body" with "common established law and judiciary" aligns with government by consent of the people (majority - ruled). This matches Locke’s ideas.
• Option C: The excerpt supports a judiciary (implying a system, not dismissing trial by jury or favoring judges alone). Eliminate C.
• Option D: (Not fully visible, but from context, the excerpt shows civil society with law is preferred over state of nature, so "must be avoided" for state of nature - related ideas is inconsistent with Locke’s view that civil society is an improvement, not that natural law is bad. Eliminate D.)

Answer:

B. Government was created through the consent of the people to be ruled by the majority.