Question

1. effortful processing can occur only with

a) conscious attention.
b) chunking.
c) implicit memory.
d) sensory memory.
e) visual imagery.

Explanation:

Effortful processing in memory refers to the encoding that requires attention and effort. Conscious attention is necessary for effortful processing as it involves actively focusing on information to encode it. Chunking is a way to organize information but not the prerequisite for effortful processing. Implicit memory is unconscious, sensory memory is initial and short - term, and visual imagery is a type of encoding but not the key requirement for effortful processing to occur. So the correct option is A.

Answer:

A) conscious attention.