QUESTION IMAGE
Question
for each problem, find the: x and y intercepts, x - coordinates of the critical points, open intervals wher the function is increasing and decreasing, x - coordinates of the inflection points, open intervals where th function is concave up and concave down, and relative minima and maxima. using this information, sketch the graph of the function.
- ( y = -\frac{x^{3}}{3}+x^{2} )
Step1: 求\(x\)、\(y\)轴截距
- \(y\)轴截距:令\(x = 0\),代入\(y=-\frac{x^{3}}{3}+x^{2}\),得\(y = 0\)。
- \(x\)轴截距:令\(y = 0\),即\(-\frac{x^{3}}{3}+x^{2}=0\),提取公因式\(x^{2}\)得\(x^{2}(1-\frac{x}{3}) = 0\),解得\(x = 0\)或\(x = 3\)。
Step2: 求一阶导数\(y'\)并找临界点
对\(y=-\frac{x^{3}}{3}+x^{2}\)求导,根据求导公式\((X^{n})^\prime=nX^{n - 1}\),\(y^\prime=-x^{2}+2x\)。
令\(y^\prime = 0\),即\(-x^{2}+2x=0\),提取公因式\(-x\)得\(-x(x - 2)=0\),解得\(x = 0\)或\(x = 2\),这就是\(x\)坐标的临界点。
Step3: 求函数的单调区间
根据一阶导数判断单调性:
- 当\(x\lt0\)时,取\(x=-1\),\(y^\prime=-(-1)^{2}+2\times(-1)=-3\lt0\),函数\(y\)在\((-\infty,0)\)上单调递减。
- 当\(0\lt x\lt2\)时,取\(x = 1\),\(y^\prime=-1^{2}+2\times1 = 1\gt0\),函数\(y\)在\((0,2)\)上单调递增。
- 当\(x\gt2\)时,取\(x = 3\),\(y^\prime=-3^{2}+2\times3=-3\lt0\),函数\(y\)在\((2,+\infty)\)上单调递减。
Step4: 求二阶导数\(y''\)并找拐点
对\(y^\prime=-x^{2}+2x\)求导,\(y''=-2x + 2\)。
令\(y'' = 0\),即\(-2x + 2 = 0\),解得\(x = 1\),这就是\(x\)坐标的拐点。
Step5: 求函数的凹凸区间
根据二阶导数判断凹凸性:
- 当\(x\lt1\)时,取\(x = 0\),\(y''=-2\times0+2 = 2\gt0\),函数\(y\)在\((-\infty,1)\)上凹。
- 当\(x\gt1\)时,取\(x = 2\),\(y''=-2\times2+2=-2\lt0\),函数\(y\)在\((1,+\infty)\)上凸。
Step6: 求相对极值
- 当\(x = 0\)时,\(y=-\frac{0^{3}}{3}+0^{2}=0\),因为\(x = 0\)左侧函数递减,右侧函数递增,所以\((0,0)\)是相对极小值点。
- 当\(x = 2\)时,\(y=-\frac{2^{3}}{3}+2^{2}=\frac{4}{3}\),因为\(x = 2\)左侧函数递增,右侧函数递减,所以\((2,\frac{4}{3})\)是相对极大值点。
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- \(x\)轴截距:\(x = 0\),\(x = 3\);\(y\)轴截距:\(y = 0\)。
- \(x\)坐标的临界点:\(x = 0\),\(x = 2\)。
- 函数单调递增区间:\((0,2)\);单调递减区间:\((-\infty,0)\),\((2,+\infty)\)。
- \(x\)坐标的拐点:\(x = 1\)。
- 函数上凹区间:\((-\infty,1)\);上凸区间:\((1,+\infty)\)。
- 相对极小值:\((0,0)\);相对极大值:\((2,\frac{4}{3})\)。
根据以上信息可绘制函数\(y =-\frac{x^{3}}{3}+x^{2}\)的图像。