Question

1. a) draw a bohr rutherford diagram of a magnesium ion, potassium ion and

state the ionic charge!! (ex. -2, +3 etc.)

Explanation:

Step1: Recall magnesium ion properties

Magnesium (Mg) has atomic number 12. A magnesium ion ($Mg^{2 +}$) loses 2 electrons. So, it has 10 electrons. The electron - shell configuration is 2, 8. In a Bohr - Rutherford diagram, the nucleus has 12 protons and 12 neutrons (for the most common isotope), and there are two electron shells with 2 electrons in the first shell and 8 in the second shell.

Step2: Recall potassium ion properties

Potassium (K) has atomic number 19. A potassium ion ($K^{+}$) loses 1 electron. So, it has 18 electrons. The electron - shell configuration is 2, 8, 8. In a Bohr - Rutherford diagram, the nucleus has 19 protons and 20 neutrons (for the most common isotope), and there are three electron shells with 2 electrons in the first shell, 8 in the second shell, and 8 in the third shell.

Answer:

For the magnesium ion ($Mg^{2+}$): Draw a small circle to represent the nucleus with '12p, 12n' inside it. Draw two concentric circles around the nucleus. Put 2 dots on the inner circle and 8 dots on the outer circle.
For the potassium ion ($K^{+}$): Draw a small circle to represent the nucleus with '19p, 20n' inside it. Draw three concentric circles around the nucleus. Put 2 dots on the innermost circle, 8 dots on the second - circle, and 8 dots on the outermost circle.