Question

directions the following paragraph is confusing because it contains some sentence fragments and run - on sentences.
identify the fragments by underlining them once.
identify the run - ons by underlining them twice.
correct the paragraph in dol style.
although penguins look clumsy on land. they are graceful in the water. their bodies are perfectly suited for swimming and diving. they a streamlined torpedo shape. their wings are shaped like flippers penguins use them to propel themselves through the water at speeds up to 30 miles per hour. use their webbed feet to steer. most penguins can even swim like porpoises. leaping out of the water to breathe and then diving back in with one graceful motion. penguins frequently need to dive deep to catch prey. sometimes descending to depths of over a thousand feet. the water pressure can be great enough to collapse lungs. penguins special air chambers in their bodies. when a penguin dives, the chambers squeeze, air is forced into the lungs. the extra air keeps the lungs from collapsing. the chilly waters that penguins prefer would be too cold for most birds, penguins are insulated by waterproof feathers and a thick layer of fat. penguins more than make up for being awkward on land. by being perfectly suited for the water.

Explanation:

• Sentence Fragments:
• "Although penguins look clumsy on land." is a fragment as it starts with a subordinating conjunction ("Although") and doesn't form a complete thought on its own.
• "They a streamlined torpedo shape." is a fragment as it lacks a proper verb (should be "They have a streamlined torpedo shape").
• "Use their webbed feet to steer." is a fragment as it has no clear subject (should be "They use their webbed feet to steer").
• "Sometimes descending to depths of over a thousand feet." is a fragment as it doesn't form a complete sentence (could be integrated with the previous sentence: "Penguins frequently need to dive deep to catch prey, sometimes descending to depths of over a thousand feet.").
• "Penguins special air chambers in their bodies." is a fragment (should be "Penguins have special air chambers in their bodies.").
• "By being perfectly suited for the water." is a fragment (could be integrated with the previous sentence: "Penguins more than make up for being awkward on land by being perfectly suited for the water.").
• Run - on Sentences:
• "Their wings are shaped like flippers penguins use them to propel themselves through the water at speeds up to 30 miles per hour." is a run - on. It can be corrected by adding a comma and a conjunction: "Their wings are shaped like flippers, and penguins use them to propel themselves through the water at speeds up to 30 miles per hour."
• "When a penguin dives, the chambers squeeze, air is forced into the lungs." is a run - on. It can be corrected by adding a conjunction: "When a penguin dives, the chambers squeeze, and air is forced into the lungs."
• "The chilly waters that penguins prefer would be too cold for most birds, penguins are insulated by waterproof feathers and a thick layer of fat." is a run - on. It can be corrected by adding a conjunction: "The chilly waters that penguins prefer would be too cold for most birds, but penguins are insulated by waterproof feathers and a thick layer of fat."

Answer:

• Fragment Identification (underlined once):
• \underline{Although penguins look clumsy on land.}
• \underline{They a streamlined torpedo shape.}
• \underline{Use their webbed feet to steer.}
• \underline{Sometimes descending to depths of over a thousand feet.}
• \underline{Penguins special air chambers in their bodies.}
• \underline{By being perfectly suited for the water.}
• Run - on Identification (underlined twice):
• \underline{\underline{Their wings are shaped like flippers penguins use them to propel themselves through the water at speeds up to 30 miles per hour.}}
• \underline{\underline{When a penguin dives, the chambers squeeze, air is forced into the lungs.}}
• \underline{\underline{The chilly waters that penguins prefer would be too cold for most birds, penguins are insulated by waterproof feathers and a thick layer of fat.}}
• Corrected Paragraph (DOL style):

Although penguins look clumsy on land, they are graceful in the water. Their bodies have a streamlined torpedo shape. Their wings are shaped like flippers, and penguins use them to propel themselves through the water at speeds up to 30 miles per hour. They use their webbed feet to steer. Most penguins can even swim like porpoises, leaping out of the water to breathe and then diving back in with one graceful motion. Penguins frequently need to dive deep to catch prey, sometimes descending to depths of over a thousand feet. The water pressure can be great enough to collapse lungs. Penguins have special air chambers in their bodies. When a penguin dives, the chambers squeeze, and air is forced into the lungs. The extra air keeps the lungs from collapsing. The chilly waters that penguins prefer would be too cold for most birds, but penguins are insulated by waterproof feathers and a thick layer of fat. Penguins more than make up for being awkward on land by being perfectly suited for the water.