Question

the diagram shows changes of state between solid, liquid, and gas. the atoms of a substance lose energy during a change of state. before the change, the atoms are close together but are able to slide past one another. which arrow represents the change of state described above? options: m, n, p, q (diagram shows gas at top, solid at bottom left, liquid at bottom right; arrows l, m from gas to solid; arrows n, o from gas to liquid; arrow p from solid to liquid; arrow q from liquid to solid)

Explanation:

Step1: Analyze the initial state

The atoms are close together but can slide past one another, which describes the liquid state (since in solids atoms are fixed, in liquids they can slide, in gases they are far apart).

Step2: Analyze the energy change

The atoms lose energy, so a liquid losing energy will become a solid (since losing energy leads to more ordered state; solid has less energy than liquid).

Step3: Identify the arrow

The arrow from liquid to solid is Q (since P is solid to liquid, Q is liquid to solid). Wait, wait, let's recheck the diagram. Wait, the problem says "the atoms lose energy during a change of state. Before the change, the atoms are close together but are able to slide past one another" – that's liquid. After losing energy, it becomes solid (since liquid to solid is losing energy: freezing). Now, looking at the diagram: solid and liquid have P (solid to liquid, melting) and Q (liquid to solid, freezing). Gas has M (gas to solid? No, wait, the triangle: gas at top, solid and liquid at bottom. Arrows L, M (gas to solid? No, maybe L is gas to liquid, M gas to solid? Wait, no, let's re-express. Wait, the key: initial state is liquid (atoms close, can slide), losing energy → solid. So the change is liquid to solid, which is arrow Q (since Q is between liquid and solid, direction from liquid to solid). Wait, the options are M, N, P, Q. Wait, maybe I misread. Wait, the initial state: liquid (atoms close, slide). Losing energy: liquid → solid (freezing). So the arrow from liquid to solid is Q. So the correct arrow is Q? Wait, no, let's check again. Wait, the problem's diagram: solid and liquid are at the bottom, gas at top. P is solid to liquid (melting, gaining energy), Q is liquid to solid (freezing, losing energy). The gas arrows: M, N, L, O? Wait, maybe the initial state is liquid (atoms close, slide), losing energy → solid. So the change is liquid to solid, which is Q. So the answer is Q.

Answer:

Q