Question

device
energy
what are the primary ways energy is transferred or transformed?
give the specific type of energy, not just pe or ke.
a toaster transforms____energy into mostly____
energy and some______energy.
a light bulb transforms______energy into mostly
____energy and some____energy.
a drum transforms____energy into mostly____
energy.
a hair dryer transforms______energy into mostly
______energy.
a roller coaster will transform the______energy at the top of a
hill into______energy as the car starts going down.
what other types of energy will it be transformed into?
your body transforms______energy from the food you eat into
mostly______energy.

Explanation:

Toaster:

Step1: Identify input energy

A toaster is plugged in, so input is electrical energy.

Step2: Identify primary output energy

Toasters heat bread, so primary output is thermal (heat) energy.

Step3: Identify secondary output energy

Toasters also give off some light (infrared, visible) energy.
So: A toaster transforms $\boldsymbol{\text{electrical}}$ energy into mostly $\boldsymbol{\text{thermal (heat)}}$ energy and some $\boldsymbol{\text{light}}$ energy.

Light Bulb:

Step1: Identify input energy

Light bulbs are plugged in, input is electrical energy.

Step2: Identify primary output energy

Light bulbs produce light, so primary is light energy.

Step3: Identify secondary output energy

Light bulbs also get hot, so secondary is thermal (heat) energy.
So: A light bulb transforms $\boldsymbol{\text{electrical}}$ energy into mostly $\boldsymbol{\text{light}}$ energy and some $\boldsymbol{\text{thermal (heat)}}$ energy.

Drum:

Step1: Identify input energy

To play a drum, you use mechanical (kinetic) energy (hitting it).

Step2: Identify output energy

Drums produce sound, so output is sound energy.
So: A drum transforms $\boldsymbol{\text{mechanical (kinetic)}}$ energy into mostly $\boldsymbol{\text{sound}}$ energy.

Hair Dryer:

Step1: Identify input energy

Hair dryers are plugged in, input is electrical energy.

Step2: Identify primary output energy

Hair dryers blow hot air, so primary is thermal (heat) and also kinetic (motion of air), but mostly thermal (heat) or kinetic (air movement) – typically, the main is thermal (heat) for drying, but also kinetic (air). However, more accurately, electrical to thermal (heat) and kinetic (air movement). But often, the primary is thermal (heat) or kinetic (air). For simplicity, electrical to thermal (heat) (and kinetic). But usually, hair dryers transform electrical energy into mostly thermal (heat) energy (and some kinetic for air movement).
So: A hair dryer transforms $\boldsymbol{\text{electrical}}$ energy into mostly $\boldsymbol{\text{thermal (heat)}}$ (or $\boldsymbol{\text{kinetic (air movement)}}$) energy.

Roller Coaster:

Step1: Identify energy at the top

At the top of a hill, roller coaster has gravitational potential energy.

Step2: Identify energy going down

As it goes down, potential energy converts to kinetic (motion) energy.

Step3: Other energies

Friction causes thermal (heat) energy, and also sound energy (from wheels, etc.).
So: A roller coaster will transform the $\boldsymbol{\text{gravitational potential}}$ energy at the top of a hill into $\boldsymbol{\text{kinetic}}$ energy as the car starts going down. Other types: thermal (heat) energy (from friction), sound energy.

Body (Food Energy):

Step1: Identify input energy

Food has chemical potential energy (stored in bonds).

Step2: Identify output energy

Your body uses this energy for movement, heat, etc. – mostly mechanical (kinetic) energy (for movement) and thermal (heat) energy (to maintain temperature). But primarily, chemical energy from food is transformed into mechanical (kinetic) energy (for movement) and thermal (heat) energy.
So: Your body transforms $\boldsymbol{\text{chemical (potential)}}$ energy from the food you eat into mostly $\boldsymbol{\text{mechanical (kinetic)}}$ (or $\boldsymbol{\text{thermal (heat)}}$) energy.

Answer:

Toaster:

Step1: Identify input energy

A toaster is plugged in, so input is electrical energy.

Step2: Identify primary output energy

Toasters heat bread, so primary output is thermal (heat) energy.

Step3: Identify secondary output energy

Toasters also give off some light (infrared, visible) energy.
So: A toaster transforms $\boldsymbol{\text{electrical}}$ energy into mostly $\boldsymbol{\text{thermal (heat)}}$ energy and some $\boldsymbol{\text{light}}$ energy.

Light Bulb:

Step1: Identify input energy

Light bulbs are plugged in, input is electrical energy.

Step2: Identify primary output energy

Light bulbs produce light, so primary is light energy.

Step3: Identify secondary output energy

Light bulbs also get hot, so secondary is thermal (heat) energy.
So: A light bulb transforms $\boldsymbol{\text{electrical}}$ energy into mostly $\boldsymbol{\text{light}}$ energy and some $\boldsymbol{\text{thermal (heat)}}$ energy.

Drum:

Step1: Identify input energy

To play a drum, you use mechanical (kinetic) energy (hitting it).

Step2: Identify output energy

Drums produce sound, so output is sound energy.
So: A drum transforms $\boldsymbol{\text{mechanical (kinetic)}}$ energy into mostly $\boldsymbol{\text{sound}}$ energy.

Hair Dryer:

Step1: Identify input energy

Hair dryers are plugged in, input is electrical energy.

Step2: Identify primary output energy

Hair dryers blow hot air, so primary is thermal (heat) and also kinetic (motion of air), but mostly thermal (heat) or kinetic (air movement) – typically, the main is thermal (heat) for drying, but also kinetic (air). However, more accurately, electrical to thermal (heat) and kinetic (air movement). But often, the primary is thermal (heat) or kinetic (air). For simplicity, electrical to thermal (heat) (and kinetic). But usually, hair dryers transform electrical energy into mostly thermal (heat) energy (and some kinetic for air movement).
So: A hair dryer transforms $\boldsymbol{\text{electrical}}$ energy into mostly $\boldsymbol{\text{thermal (heat)}}$ (or $\boldsymbol{\text{kinetic (air movement)}}$) energy.

Roller Coaster:

Step1: Identify energy at the top

At the top of a hill, roller coaster has gravitational potential energy.

Step2: Identify energy going down

As it goes down, potential energy converts to kinetic (motion) energy.

Step3: Other energies

Friction causes thermal (heat) energy, and also sound energy (from wheels, etc.).
So: A roller coaster will transform the $\boldsymbol{\text{gravitational potential}}$ energy at the top of a hill into $\boldsymbol{\text{kinetic}}$ energy as the car starts going down. Other types: thermal (heat) energy (from friction), sound energy.

Body (Food Energy):

Step1: Identify input energy

Food has chemical potential energy (stored in bonds).

Step2: Identify output energy

Your body uses this energy for movement, heat, etc. – mostly mechanical (kinetic) energy (for movement) and thermal (heat) energy (to maintain temperature). But primarily, chemical energy from food is transformed into mechanical (kinetic) energy (for movement) and thermal (heat) energy.
So: Your body transforms $\boldsymbol{\text{chemical (potential)}}$ energy from the food you eat into mostly $\boldsymbol{\text{mechanical (kinetic)}}$ (or $\boldsymbol{\text{thermal (heat)}}$) energy.