Question

determining causes of invalid data
read each scenario and determine the cause of invalid data.
renata wants to survey her 30 classmates about their favorite hobby. her data can contain only 13 data points.
dropdown
nev forgot to write down one data point, so he made it up. dropdown
keith accidentally left out a step when writing his experimental procedure. dropdown
adele recorded the distance between two objects in inches rather than centimeters.
dropdown

Explanation:

To solve this, we analyze each scenario:

Scenario 1: Renata’s Survey

Renata wants to survey 30 classmates but only has 13 data points. This is insufficient data collection (she did not collect data from all intended participants, leading to incomplete/invalid data).

Scenario 2: Nev’s Made - Up Data

Nev forgot a data point and fabricated it. This is data fabrication (creating false data instead of accurately recording/collecting it).

Scenario 3: Keith’s Experimental Procedure

Keith left out a step in his procedure. This causes procedural error (an incomplete procedure can lead to inconsistent or invalid data collection/analysis, as others may not be able to replicate or the data collection was flawed due to missing steps).

Scenario 4: Adele’s Unit Error

Adele recorded distance in inches instead of centimeters. This is unit of measurement error (using the wrong unit for data recording, which misrepresents the actual value and makes the data invalid for analysis expecting centimeters).

Answer:

s (assuming dropdown options match these causes):

1. Renata: Insufficient data collection (or similar option for not collecting all 30 responses)
2. Nev: Data fabrication (or “made - up data”, “false data entry”)
3. Keith: Procedural error (or “incomplete procedure”)
4. Adele: Unit of measurement error (or “wrong unit used”)