Question

correctly complete the sentences below by choosing the appropriate terms.
aging causes the kidneys to gradually decrease in (click to select), apparently in association with (click to select) changes. blood flowing through the kidneys gradually decreases by about 10% decrease per year as (click to select) become irregular and twisted and glomeruli are lost.
by age 80, 40% of the glomeruli are not functioning. some lack blood flow, and others become impermeable. ducts also become thicker, shorter, and more irregular in structure, and there are losses in secretion and (click to select).
water retention by (click to select) declines, increasing risk for dehydration. the ability to eliminate wastes and toxins from the blood also decreases.
the kidney decreases renin secretion, and has a reduced ability to participate in vitamin d synthesis, which contributes to (click to select), osteoporosis, and bone fractures.
recall that (click to select) of one kidney is required to maintain homeostasis, and additional kidney tissue constitutes a (click to select). therefore, the age - related changes in the kidney reduce the kidneys (click to select)

Explanation:

• "Size" is appropriate for the first blank as aging affects kidney size.
• "Blood vessel" changes are associated with kidney aging.
• "Arterioles" becoming irregular relates to blood flow decrease.
• "Reabsorption" is affected as ducts change.
• "Reabsorption" also ties to water retention decline.
• "Ca²⁺ deficiency" is linked to vitamin D synthesis reduction.
• "One - third" of a kidney is needed for homeostasis.
• "Reserve capacity" is what additional tissue constitutes.

Answer:

Size, blood vessel, arterioles, reabsorption, reabsorption, Ca²⁺ deficiency, one - third, reserve capacity.