Question

complete the following data table about factors that affect enzyme rate of reaction.
environmental factors affect enzyme reaction rates

environmental factors	affect on enzyme activity (increases ↑, decreases ↓, no change ↔)	denature enzyme? (y/n)
increasing temperature from cold to warm
lowering temperature
normal temperature
low ph (<6)
high ph (>8)
neutral ph (6-8)
competitive inhibitor
non-competitive inhibitor

complete the graph below of a chemical reaction. draw two curves (one with an enzyme, one without an enzyme). label reactants, products, and activation energy. summarize the graph’s meaning in the box.

graph: energy (y-axis), direction of reaction (x-axis); “summary of graph:” box

partially visible bottom questions (e.g., “rate complex?”, “affect an enzyme?”, “ph affect how an enzyme works?”, “responsible for making a protein?”, “provide energy...”, “regulation of our body...”, “water moving...”, “structures in water movement...”, “method and explain...”)

Explanation:

Part 1: Completing the Enzyme Factor Data Table

To complete the table, we use knowledge of enzyme kinetics and environmental effects:

Environmental Factors	Increases (↑)	Decreases (↓)	No change (↔)	Denature enzyme? (Y/N)
Increasing temp (cold→warm)	↑ (until opt)	-	-	N (before denaturation)
Lowering temperature	-	↓	-	N
Normal temperature	-	-	↔	N
Low pH (<6)	-	↓	-	Y (if extreme)
High pH (>8)	-	↓	-	Y (if extreme)
Neutral pH (6–8)	-	-	↔	N
Competitive inhibitor	-	↓ (with substrate)	- (without)	N
Non - competitive inhibitor	-	↓	-	Y (alters structure)

Part 2: Enzyme - Catalyzed Reaction Graph

Step 1: Axes and Curves

• Y - axis: Energy (potential energy of reactants/products).
• X - axis: Direction of Reaction (reactants → products).
• Draw two curves:
• Curve 1 (Without Enzyme): Higher activation energy (Eₐ) peak. Label reactants (R), products (P), and Eₐ (distance from R to peak).
• Curve 2 (With Enzyme): Lower Eₐ peak (same R and P levels, as enzymes don’t change ΔG).

Step 2: Summary of Graph

The graph shows that enzymes lower the activation energy (Eₐ) of a reaction. The curve with the enzyme has a smaller “hill” (lower Eₐ) than the curve without the enzyme, while the energy of reactants (R) and products (P) remains the same (so the overall free - energy change, ΔG, is unchanged). This means the reaction can proceed faster with an enzyme because less energy is needed to start the reaction.

Final Answers

Data Table (Key Entries):

• High temp: Decreases (after peak), Denature: Y
• Cold→warm: Increases (until optimal temp), Denature: N
• Low temp: Decreases, Denature: N
• Normal temp: No change, Denature: N
• Low pH: Decreases, Denature: Y (extreme)
• High pH: Decreases, Denature: Y (extreme)
• Neutral pH: No change, Denature: N
• Competitive inhibitor: Decreases (with substrate), Denature: N
• Non - competitive inhibitor: Decreases, Denature: Y

Graph Summary:

Enzymes lower the activation energy (Eₐ) of a chemical reaction, allowing it to proceed faster, while the energy of reactants and products (and thus ΔG) remains unchanged.

Answer:

Part 1: Completing the Enzyme Factor Data Table

To complete the table, we use knowledge of enzyme kinetics and environmental effects:

Environmental Factors	Increases (↑)	Decreases (↓)	No change (↔)	Denature enzyme? (Y/N)
Increasing temp (cold→warm)	↑ (until opt)	-	-	N (before denaturation)
Lowering temperature	-	↓	-	N
Normal temperature	-	-	↔	N
Low pH (<6)	-	↓	-	Y (if extreme)
High pH (>8)	-	↓	-	Y (if extreme)
Neutral pH (6–8)	-	-	↔	N
Competitive inhibitor	-	↓ (with substrate)	- (without)	N
Non - competitive inhibitor	-	↓	-	Y (alters structure)

Part 2: Enzyme - Catalyzed Reaction Graph

Step 1: Axes and Curves

• Y - axis: Energy (potential energy of reactants/products).
• X - axis: Direction of Reaction (reactants → products).
• Draw two curves:
• Curve 1 (Without Enzyme): Higher activation energy (Eₐ) peak. Label reactants (R), products (P), and Eₐ (distance from R to peak).
• Curve 2 (With Enzyme): Lower Eₐ peak (same R and P levels, as enzymes don’t change ΔG).

Step 2: Summary of Graph

The graph shows that enzymes lower the activation energy (Eₐ) of a reaction. The curve with the enzyme has a smaller “hill” (lower Eₐ) than the curve without the enzyme, while the energy of reactants (R) and products (P) remains the same (so the overall free - energy change, ΔG, is unchanged). This means the reaction can proceed faster with an enzyme because less energy is needed to start the reaction.

Final Answers

Data Table (Key Entries):

• High temp: Decreases (after peak), Denature: Y
• Cold→warm: Increases (until optimal temp), Denature: N
• Low temp: Decreases, Denature: N
• Normal temp: No change, Denature: N
• Low pH: Decreases, Denature: Y (extreme)
• High pH: Decreases, Denature: Y (extreme)
• Neutral pH: No change, Denature: N
• Competitive inhibitor: Decreases (with substrate), Denature: N
• Non - competitive inhibitor: Decreases, Denature: Y

Graph Summary:

Enzymes lower the activation energy (Eₐ) of a chemical reaction, allowing it to proceed faster, while the energy of reactants and products (and thus ΔG) remains unchanged.