Question

comparing arguments from diverse perspectives
pre - test complete
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read the passage.
congress needs to pass legislation to protect the endangered species—and all organisms—currently threatened by climate change. all americans realize that these creatures deserve the chance to survive without threats outside of their control. if congress fails to address this today, then we all lose.
which fallacies appear in this passage? select three options.
□ an appeal to emotion is used to make congress feel guilty if they do not support the legislation.
□ a false dilemma is used to claim that legislation is the only way to protect the environment.
□ an ad hominem is used to attack representatives for being distracted when hearing evidence.
□ a bandwagon appeal is used to suggest that every american wants to help endangered species.
□ a false dilemma is used to introduce the idea that the legislation will save us all.

Explanation:

1. Appeal to emotion: The passage uses the idea of endangered species deserving to survive to make Congress feel guilty if they don't act, which is an appeal to emotion.
2. Bandwagon appeal: Saying "All Americans realize" suggests everyone supports helping endangered species, a bandwagon appeal (implying everyone is on board, so you should be too).
3. False dilemma (second false dilemma option): "If Congress fails to address this today, then we all lose" presents a false dilemma, implying only two options (act or everyone loses) when there could be other solutions. The first false dilemma option is incorrect as the passage doesn't claim legislation is the only way to protect the environment. The ad hominem option is incorrect as there's no attack on representatives' distraction.

Answer:

A. An appeal to emotion is used to make Congress feel guilty if they do not support the legislation.
D. A bandwagon appeal is used to suggest that every American wants to help endangered species.
E. A false dilemma is used to introduce the idea that the legislation will save us all.