Question

compare the substances. match each substance to its relative strength of electrical force of attraction. lithium chloride, a kind of salt water methyl alcohol

Explanation:

To solve this, we analyze the electrical forces (intermolecular forces) in each substance:

Step 1: Analyze Lithium Chloride

Lithium chloride (\( \text{LiCl} \)) is an ionic compound. Ionic compounds have strong electrostatic forces between ions (ionic bonds), so its electrical force of attraction is very strong.

Step 2: Analyze Water

Water (\( \text{H}_2\text{O} \)) has hydrogen bonding (a strong intermolecular force) due to the electronegativity of oxygen and hydrogen. It also has dipole-dipole and London dispersion forces, but hydrogen bonding makes its force moderately strong compared to ionic compounds but stronger than methyl alcohol.

Step 3: Analyze Methyl Alcohol

Methyl alcohol (\( \text{CH}_3\text{OH} \)) has hydrogen bonding but only one -OH group, and its overall intermolecular forces (including dipole-dipole and London forces) are weaker than water. It is the weakest among the three.

Answer:

• Lithium chloride, a kind of salt → very strong
• Water → moderately strong
• Methyl alcohol → weak