Question

chapter 21 allergy and anaphylaxis

1. wheezing occurs because excessive ________ and mucus are secreted into the bronchial passages.

a. fluid
b. carbon dioxide
c. blood
d. oxygen
true/false
if you believe the statement to be more true than false, write the letter \t\ in the space provided. if you believe the
statement to be more false than true, write the letter \f\.

1. allergic reactions can occur in response to almost any substance.
2. an allergic reaction occurs when the body has an immune response to a substance.
3. wheezing is a low - pitched breath sound, usually resulting from blockage of the airway, and is heard on

expiration.

1. for a patient appearing to have an allergic reaction with respiratory distress, give high - flow oxygen.

fill - in - the - blank
read each item carefully and then complete the statement by filling in the missing words.

1. wheezing, a high - pitched, whistling breath sound, is typically heard on ________.
2. small areas of generalized itching or burning that appear as multiple, small, raised areas on the skin are called

________.

1. the stinger of the honeybee is ________, so the bee cannot withdraw it.
2. an allergic reaction involving multiple body systems is called ________.
3. the presence of ________ or respiratory distress indicates that the patient is having a severe

enough allergic reaction to lead to death.

1. epinephrine reverses hypotension by constricting the ________.

critical thinking
multiple choice
read each critical - thinking item carefully and then select the one best response.
you have been called to a park where a local church is holding a potluck dinner. as you exit your ambulance, a
woman approaches you holding her 7 - year - old son, who is wheezing and having difficulty breathing. she informs
you that he had inadvertently eaten a brownie with nuts, and he is allergic to nuts.

1. you lift the childs shirt and find small, raised areas that he is trying to scratch. they are likely to be:

a. leukotrienes
b. histamines
c. urticaria
d. toxins

Explanation:

• Multiple - Choice Question 14: Wheezing occurs due to excessive fluid and mucus in the bronchial passages. Carbon dioxide (\(CO_2\)) is a waste gas, blood in the bronchial passages would be a sign of a more severe injury (like a lung laceration), and oxygen is a gas we inhale. Fluid over - secretion (e.g., in asthma) along with mucus can cause narrowing of the airways and wheezing.
• True/False Question 1: Allergic reactions can occur to almost any substance (e.g., food, pollen, medications), so this is True.
• True/False Question 2: An allergic reaction is an immune response to a substance (e.g., IgE - mediated in immediate hypersensitivity), so this is True.
• True/False Question 3: Wheezing is a high - pitched sound (not low - pitched) usually due to airway narrowing (e.g., in asthma from bronchoconstriction), so this is False.
• True/False Question 4: For a patient with allergic reaction and respiratory distress, high - flow oxygen is appropriate to maintain oxygenation, so this is True.
• Fill - in - the - Blank Question 1: Wheezing is typically heard on expiration (as air has to pass through narrowed airways on the way out).
• Fill - in - the - Blank Question 2: Small, raised, itchy areas on the skin are called urticaria (hives).
• Fill - in - the - Blank Question 3: The honeybee stinger is barbed, which prevents withdrawal.
• Fill - in - the - Blank Question 4: An allergic reaction involving multiple body systems is called anaphylaxis.
• Fill - in - the - Blank Question 5: The presence of hypotension (low blood pressure) or respiratory distress can indicate a severe enough allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) that can lead to death.
• Fill - in - the - Blank Question 6: Epinephrine reverses hypotension by constricting the blood vessels (increasing peripheral vascular resistance).
• Critical Thinking Multiple - Choice Question 1: Small, raised, itchy areas on the skin are urticaria. Leukotrienes are chemical mediators in allergic reactions, histamines are also mediators (cause vasodilation, etc.), and toxins are harmful substances (not what these skin lesions are).

Answer:

• 14: A. fluid
• True/False 1: T
• True/False 2: T
• True/False 3: F
• True/False 4: T
• Fill - in - the - Blank 1: expiration
• Fill - in - the - Blank 2: urticaria
• Fill - in - the - Blank 3: barbed
• Fill - in - the - Blank 4: anaphylaxis
• Fill - in - the - Blank 5: hypotension
• Fill - in - the - Blank 6: blood vessels
• Critical Thinking Multiple - Choice 1: C. urticaria